ABSTRACT
Objective@#To establish enzalutamide-resistant human prostate cancer cell lines and screen out the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles associated with enzalutamide resistance.@*METHODS@#Human prostate cancer cell lines LNCAP and C4-2B were cultured with 10 μmol/L enzalutamide for 6 months in vitro for the establishment of enzalutamide-resistant subclones LNCAP-ENZA and C4-2B-ENZA. The IC50 value and enzalutamide resistance index of each cell line were examined by MTT assay, the expressions of enzalutamide-related genes FL-AR, AR-V7 and HnRNPA1 were determined by Western blot, and the lncRNA and mRNA differential expressions of C4-2B and C4-2B-ENZA were detected by high-throughout lncRNA microarray.@*RESULTS@#Compared with LNCAP and C4-2B, the IC50 values of enzalutamide-resistant subclones LNCAP-ENZA (60.83 μmol/L) and C4-2B-ENZA (88.32 μmol/L) were increased significantly (P < 0.05) and the enzalutamide-resistance indexes of the LNCAP-ENZA and C4-2B-ENZA cells were 4.94 and 4.67, respectively. The expressions of AR-V7 and HnRNPA1 were markedly up-regulated in the LNCAP-ENZA and C4-2B-ENZA cells as compared with those in the LNCAP and C4-2B cells, but that of FL-AR showed no significant change. A total of 1 440 lncRNAs and 1 236 mRNAs were identified as differentially expressed in the C4-2B-ENZA cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Enzalutamide -resistant human prostate cancer cell subclones LNCAP-ENZA and C4-2B-ENZA were successfully established and enzalutamide resistance-associated lncRNA and mRNA were identified, which may provide some molecular evidence for the management of enzalutamide-resistant human prostate cancer.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Phenylthiohydantoin , Pharmacology , Prostatic Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Pathology , RNA, Long Noncoding , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Metabolism , RNA, Neoplasm , Metabolism , Receptors, AndrogenABSTRACT
<p><b>Objective</b>To explore the expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) during the transformation of prostate cancer from androgen-dependent (ADPC) to androgen-independent (AIPC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We established an AIPC cell model LNCaP-AI by culturing the androgen-dependent LNCaP cell line in the hormone-deprived medium for over 3 months. The cell model was verified and the PTTG1 expression in the LNCaP cells was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR during hormone deprivation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The AIPC cell model LNCaP-AI was successfully established. The PTTG1 expression was gradually increased in the LNCaP cells with the prolonged time of hormone deprivation and the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and -9 were elevated at the same time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of PTTG1 is increased gradually in AIPC, which may be a target of gene therapy for advanced prostate cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Blotting, Western , Cell Line, Tumor , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 , Metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 , Metabolism , Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent , Prostatic Neoplasms , Genetics , Securin , GeneticsABSTRACT
Aims: The homeoprotein TGIFLX (transforming growth factor-β-induced factor 2-like, Xlinked), which is essential in male reproduction and development and likely oncogenic when aberrantly expressed in prostate. We have previously shown an aberrant expression of TGIFLX in the majority of human prostate tumors. However, mechanism by which TGIFLX acts in prostate cancer is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of overexpression of wild-type TGIFLX (wt-TGIFLX) on LNCaP, human prostate adenocarcinoma cells. Study Design: As a prospective study, we used adenovirus expression system for evaluation of TGIFLX expression effects on mammalian cells. Place and Duration of Study: Medical Genetics Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), between December 2009 and July 2012. Methodology: We cloned entire coding sequence of TGIFLX gene into adenovirus and subsequently LNCaP cells were transfected with the recombinant virus harboring TGIFLX cDNA or control. The TGIFLX expression was confirmed by microscopic analysis and RT-PCR technique. Following molecular cloning and characterization of TGIFLX transcription factor, we then studied the effects of overexpression of TGIFLX in LNCaP cells on mRNA expression of BAX and BCL2 genes. Results: Our results showed that overexpression of TGIFLX downregulated BCL2 gene (P<0.05) and upregulated BAX gene (P<0.05) at transcript level. Our results suggested that TGIFLX could be a tumor suppressor gene and might be involved in initiation and/or development. Conclusion: TGIFLX can play a role as a transcriptional modulator of the genes involved in cell cycle pathway. But still more investigations are necessitated for clarifying this claim.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish and identify androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell line LNCap by culturing LNCaP cells with gradual deprivation of hormone. Methods: LNCaP cells were cultured in the medium with gradual deprivation of hormone (treated by active carbon to simulate androgen deprivation) for 10 days; and then the cells were cultured with complete deprivation of androgen for 3 months till the cell entered the rapid proliferation phase again. The cell growth and expression of PSA and androgen were examined by CCK-8, immunfluorescence and RT-PCR methods. Results: LNCaP cells grew slowly after deprivation of hormone and took on a neuroendocrine phenotype and cluster growth pattern. After 3 months' non-androgen culture,the cells regained original morphology and growth. CCK-8 indicated that LNCaP cells could grow in non-androgen condition; immunofluorescence assay indicated that LNCaP-AI cells could regain PSA-secreting activity in non-androgen condition; and RT-PCR suggested that androgen was highly expressed in LNCaP-AI cells. Conclusion: Androgen-independent LNCaP cell line can be established by culturing with gradual deprivation of hormone for 3 months.
ABSTRACT
To identify the regulatory region that are responsible for the expression of mPC-1, we have isolated and characterized the mPC-1 gene promoter. Sequence analysis of the mPC-1 5' -flanking region and a series of truncated constructs were performed, which were transiently transfected into the prostate cancer cell lines and non-prostate cancer cell lines and analyzed through Dual-luciferase reporter assay system. The relative activity of mPC-1 gene promoter was by far higher than pGL3-control containing SV40 promoter and enhancer and p61-PSA containing hPSA 6 kb promoter in AR (androgen receptor, AR ) -positive prostate cancer cell lines. The region from 599 bp to 449 bp of mPC-1 promoter might contain a negative regulatory element. The expression of mPC-1 1.1 kb fragment is mainly restricted into prostate cancer cell lines. The relative activity of mPC-1 1.1 kb 5'-flanking region was regulated by androgen. The results demonstrated that the 1.1 kb fragment of mPC-1 5' -flanking region was relatively strong and prostate cancer cell specific promoter region.The 1.1 kb promoter of mPC-1 gene might be well suited to prostate cancer gene therapy if the promoter was properly modified.